Emergency Guide for Addiction Crises
- MSc Siyana Yaneva
- Jun 25
- 4 min read
What to Do in Case of an Addiction Emergency?
When facing an addiction emergency situation involving drugs or alcohol, the right response can save a life. This guide outlines clear, practical steps for handling different types of substance-related emergencies. Please note that while this guide provides valuable information, it is not a substitute for professional medical help. In all cases, call the European emergency number 112 immediately.
1. Overdose with Depressants
Substances: Heroin, morphine, methadone, alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, zopiclone.
Symptoms:
- Slow, shallow, irregular breathing
- Bluish lips or fingertips
- Vomiting
- Chest pain, tightness, shortness of breath
- Cold, pale skin
- Weak or undetectable pulse
- Loss of consciousness
- Unresponsiveness
What to do:
- Stay calm and call 112 immediately.
- Do not leave the person alone.
- Try to get a response by calling their name or stimulating them (pinch or rub their sternum).
- If they respond, try to keep them awake and moving.
- If unresponsive, ensure their airway is clear (they may have vomited or swallowed their tongue).
- Check for breathing and pulse. If absent or weak, perform CPR only if you are trained.
- If unsure, place the person in the recovery position on their side (as shown below)
2. Overdose with Stimulants
Substances: Amphetamines, methamphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, synthetic cathinones (e.g., mephedrone).
Symptoms:
- Rapid pulse
- Muscle spasms
- Seizures
- Paranoia or psychosis
- Disorientation
- Vomiting
- Overheating
- Loss of consciousness
- Cardiac arrest
What to do:
- Stay with the person and help them stay calm.
- Move them to a quiet, cooler area.
- Apply a cold, wet cloth to the neck or forehead if possible.
- If unconscious, place them in the recovery position.
- Call 112 immediately.
3. Loss of Consciousness
Most common with alcohol, opioids, GHB, or tranquilizers.
What to do:
- Clear the airway (check for vomit or obstruction).
- Place the person in the recovery position.
- Call 112 or take them to the nearest emergency department.
4. Epileptic Seizure
May occur especially after stimulant use.
What to do:
- Do not restrain the person.
- Once convulsions stop, place them in the recovery position.
- Call 112 or transport them to emergency care.
5. Severe Agitation
The person may be highly aggressive, confused, hallucinating, or extremely strong due to stimulant use.
What to do:
- Do not physically restrain them.
- Ensure they can breathe freely and give them space.
- If the person is unreachable, alert security or police and call 112.
6. Hypothermia
May occur from depressant use combined with wet clothes or cold environments.
What to do:
- Check for cold skin and confusion.
- Remove wet clothing and warm the person, including covering the head.
- If symptoms seem serious, call 112 or go to emergency care.
7. Life-Threatening Overheating
Common with stimulant use.
What to do:
- Move to a shaded or cool place.
- Reassure the person and encourage small sips of water or non-alcoholic drinks.
- Check if the face is red and hot or pale and hot.
- If responsive, spray water on the head and body to cool them.
- If less responsive or worsening, remove excess clothing and call 112.
8. Acute Psychosis
Characterized by paranoia, hallucinations, or irrational fears. Common with stimulant or hallucinogen use.
What to do:
- Ensure the environment is safe.
- Speak calmly and offer reassurance.
- Don’t confirm or deny delusions.
- Call 112 or take them to emergency care.
9. Someone Under the Influence Is Threatening You
What to do:
- Distance yourself and create a barrier.
- Stay calm and avoid confrontation.
- Call 112 immediately.
- Seek help from bystanders or neighbors.
10. Someone Under the Influence Is a Danger to Themselves
What to do:
- Call 112 and ask for police assistance.
- Stay with the person and keep them calm.
- Encourage open communication without judgment.
- If they are actively using substances, try to convince them to stop.
- Reassure them that the crisis is temporary and linked to substance effects.
11. You Are Under the Influence and Need Help
What to do:
- If you fear overdose, call 112 immediately.
- If overwhelmed by fear or panic, go to a calm place and call a loved one or the Drug, Alcohol, and Gambling Helpline.
- If suicidal thoughts arise, don’t stay alone. Seek someone you trust or call the same helpline.
- Remember that most effects will pass with time. Stay grounded and wait for the substance to leave your system.
Final Words from Omnia Psychology
In times of emergency, every second counts. Acting quickly and compassionately can prevent tragedies and offer a vital chance for recovery. Whether you are a family member, friend, passerby, or someone using substances yourself, this guide is meant to empower you with life-saving knowledge.
For long-term support and therapy, Omnia Psychology offers trauma-informed, confidential treatment tailored to your needs. You are not alone—help is always within reach.
Stay safe. Stay informed. Reach out.
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